Toxic Effects of Aluminum and Their Probable Association with Dialysis

venomous Effects of aluminium and Their Probable tie with Dialysis EncephalopathyReports on the neurotoxic properties of Aluminum (Al++), as well as those of many other ominous metals, date as far back as the end of the nineteenth century. In 1965, Al was launch to induce the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in animal brains. These NFTs were similar to those found in brains of patients suffering from Alzheimers Disease (AD). Vast research thus, was targeted at defining the possible etiologic role of Al in AD. However, several findings, among them the fact that Al++ induced NFTs are structurally different than those found in AD, entertain contributed to reducing the importance placed on Al++ as an etiologic means of AD. The Al++ theory, however, still remains a theory, and come along research needs to be done before it nooky be disproved. In 1970, Alfrey and collaborators described a disease called dialysis encephalopathy (DE). This degenerative disease was seen in r enal failure patients who had been undergoing dialysis. Studies following this initial report have implicated Al++ intoxication as a probable cause for the development of the disease. The propose of this paper will be to describe the possible mechanisms by which Al may in fact act as a contributory factor the in induction of neural degeneration that may pourboire to DE. The neurological problems associated with chronic renal failure and its consequent treatment, namely hemodialysis, can be each acute or chronic. When acute, the patient develops a set of symptoms together with referred to as dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS). This syndrome presents with a transient loss or alteration of the sense of equilibrium overdue to disturbances to the vestibular sy... ...on, G., Cogdill, K., Jope, R. Oral Aluminum Alters In Vitro Protein Phosphorylation and Kinase Activities in deceive Brain. Neurobiology of Aging, 11 209-16 (1990). 5) Johnson, G., Li, X., Jope, R. Aluminum Increas es Agonist Stimulated Cyclic AMP Production in deceive Cerebral Cortical Slices. Journal of Neurochemistry, 53 258-63 (1989). 6) Kerr, D., Ward, M., Ellis, H., Simpson, W. Aluminum drinking in Renal Disease. CIBA-Found-Symposium, 169 123-41 (1992). 7) Langui, D., Probst, A., Anderton, B. Aluminum Induced Tangles in Cultured Rat Neurons. Acta Neuropathol., 80 649-55 (1990). 8) Meiri, H., Banin, E., Roll, M., Rousseau, A. Toxic Effects of Aluminum on Nerve Cells and Synaptic Transmission. come up in Neurobiology, 40 89-121 (1993). 9) Wisniewski, H., Wen, G. Aluminum and Alzheimers Disease. CIBA-Found-Symposium, 169 142-64 (1992). Toxic Effects of Aluminum and Their Probable Association with Dialysis Toxic Effects of Aluminum and Their Probable Association with Dialysis EncephalopathyReports on the neurotoxic properties of Aluminum (Al++), as well as those of many other heavy metals, date as far back as the end of the nineteenth century. In 1965, Al was found to indu ce the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in animal brains. These NFTs were similar to those found in brains of patients suffering from Alzheimers Disease (AD). Vast research thus, was targeted at defining the possible etiologic role of Al in AD. However, several findings, among them the fact that Al++ induced NFTs are structurally different than those found in AD, have contributed to reducing the importance placed on Al++ as an etiologic factor of AD. The Al++ theory, however, still remains a theory, and further research needs to be done before it can be disproved. In 1970, Alfrey and collaborators described a disease called dialysis encephalopathy (DE). This degenerative disease was seen in renal failure patients who had been undergoing dialysis. Studies following this initial report have implicated Al++ intoxication as a probable cause for the development of the disease. The purpose of this paper will be to describe the possible mechanisms by which Al may in fact act as a contributory factor the in induction of neural degeneration that may lead to DE. The neurological problems associated with chronic renal failure and its consequent treatment, namely hemodialysis, can be either acute or chronic. When acute, the patient develops a set of symptoms collectively referred to as dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS). This syndrome presents with a transient loss or alteration of the sense of equilibrium due to disturbances to the vestibular sy... ...on, G., Cogdill, K., Jope, R. Oral Aluminum Alters In Vitro Protein Phosphorylation and Kinase Activities in Rat Brain. Neurobiology of Aging, 11 209-16 (1990). 5) Johnson, G., Li, X., Jope, R. Aluminum Increases Agonist Stimulated Cyclic AMP Production in Rat Cerebral Cortical Slices. Journal of Neurochemistry, 53 258-63 (1989). 6) Kerr, D., Ward, M., Ellis, H., Simpson, W. Aluminum Intoxication in Renal Disease. CIBA-Found-Symposium, 169 123-41 (1992). 7) Langui, D., Probst, A., Anderton, B. Aluminum Induce d Tangles in Cultured Rat Neurons. Acta Neuropathol., 80 649-55 (1990). 8) Meiri, H., Banin, E., Roll, M., Rousseau, A. Toxic Effects of Aluminum on Nerve Cells and Synaptic Transmission. Progress in Neurobiology, 40 89-121 (1993). 9) Wisniewski, H., Wen, G. Aluminum and Alzheimers Disease. CIBA-Found-Symposium, 169 142-64 (1992).